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Electronics Motor Controller Here is a circuit used to control motor more efficiently than any electromechanically controlling device. The project shown here is cheap and easy to construct. It also overcome the problem of noise triggering and noise pulse. Circuit description The power supply is given by pressing switch SW 1 it shots the N/O contact of relay RL ­1 which gives supply to the circuit. The current through resistor R 8 gives the base current to transistor T 5 . Where transistor T 1 , T 2 and T 3 from the over and under-voltage cut-offs. Here the transistor T 4 on when over or under voltage is given to transistor T 3 . For avoiding noise capacitor C 2 with resistor R 10 form a loss-pass filter and also give sufficient time delay. Here the resistor network (R 11 , R 12 , VR 1 ) are used as current sensor. Where Diode D 3 is as rectifier and capacitor C 1 is used as noise filter of switching circuit. PARTS LIST Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± ...
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Simple counter using Calculator This is very attention-grabbing idea of using calculator for counter. Using calculator is cheaper and less complicated then the circuit of counter. The components used in this circuit are easily available and can be assembled even by beginners. Circuit Description of simple counter using calculator Two leads from contact of the key “=” is taken out from the calculator. Calculator to be used should be are in which “1”, “+”, and “=” gives ‘1’ and each press of equal key after that would result in the increment of the number by ‘1’. The leads from the calculator are connected to two point of relay through switch SW 1 as shown in figure of circuit diagram. The working of this project is base on the working principle of LDR, when the light fall on LDR the resistance becomes low which operate or activates the relay (RL 1 ) with the help of relay driver transistor T 1 . It is necessary to press “1”,”+”, and”=” keys to s...
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