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Human Detection Robot Human detection robot is not a new technology. Many types of human detection robots were designed depending on the application. During the natural calamities like earthquakes, it is difficult to rescue the human beings under the buildings. Though detection by rescue team is done, it consumes a lot of time. Detection of human in appropriate time is very important in such situations. This article presents a simple human detection robot that is operated manually using RF technology. Human Detection Robot Circuit Principle: The main principle of the circuit is to detect the human using human detection sensor. The wireless robot is operated manually using PC. The wireless technology used here is Radio Frequency technology. The data is transmitted to receiver through RF. Using the received data, robot is operated and controlled. Also get an idea about Important Project: Line Follower Robot using Microcontroller Human Detection Robot Circuit Diagr...

Opening a Safety-Cover Toggle Switch with LED I purchased a fighter pilot military toggle switch (the kind with a safety cover) to arm the igniter of a model rocket launch controller . Side view of a covered toggle switch in the unarmed and ready-to-arm positions. I am surprised how much larger the pilot toggle switch is compared to a miniature toggle switch, which is the size that I had become accustomed to using on robots or electronic projects. I’m not sure if anyone sells smaller switch covers for miniature toggle switches. This particular switch is an illuminated toggle switch. There are major differences between a plain miniature toggle switch and the illuminated toggle switch due to the target voltage, internal wiring arrangement, and polarity of the LED in the switch’s tip. Red LED inside illuminated toggle actuator. The manufacturer apparently intends this toggle switch for automotive use, and thus selected an LE...

Infrared Transmitter Project In robotics, infrared is commonly used both in communication and in object detection. (Used for opponent detection in my Bugdozer and Number Two sumo combat robots.) Infrared breadboard and battery Many sources of infrared radiation light up and bounce around the environment. The sun, standard light bulbs, computer monitors, and even visible-light LEDs produce different levels of infrared light. If a device simply relied on the presence or lack of presence of infrared light, the communication or object detection algorithm would receive false and noisy readings. What’s a common way of making a normal LED more noticeable? Blinking! Unique Signal By blinking an infrared LED, the signal becomes more unique and therefore more discernible from other light sources. Even as intensity varies based on lighting, angle and distance, the constant rate of blinking can be relied upon for recognition. ...

Dual Fan Controller My brother plans to install a desktop computer in his kitchen. He’d like to hide the computer in a cabinet so that the computer doesn’t take up valuable counter space. The computer monitor requires a cable, but the keyboard and mouse will be wireless. Heat buildup is a concern anytime a major electrical device is installed in an enclosed space. For the computer in the kitchen cabinet, he plans on adding some external fans in the rear board of the cabinet and perhaps in the front baseboard. However, it isn’t desirable to have the fans turned on all the time, because that would be noisy, dusty, and not very energy efficient. Creating A Simple Fan Controller Over the course of a weekend, I cobbled together some leftover robot parts to create a simple dual-fan controller. The board turns on the first fan when the temperature reaches a user-adjustable dial setting, and it turns on a second fan if the temperatu...

Simple counter using Calculator This is very attention-grabbing idea of using calculator for counter. Using calculator is cheaper and less complicated then the circuit of counter. The components used in this circuit are easily available and can be assembled even by beginners. Circuit Description of simple counter using calculator Two leads from contact of the key “=” is taken out from the calculator. Calculator to be used should be are in which “1”, “+”, and “=” gives ‘1’ and each press of equal key after that would result in the increment of the number by ‘1’. The leads from the calculator are connected to two point of relay through switch SW 1 as shown in figure of circuit diagram. The working of this project is base on the working principle of LDR, when the light fall on LDR the resistance becomes low which operate or activates the relay (RL 1 ) with the help of relay driver transistor T 1 . It is necessary to press “1”,”+”, and”=” keys to s...

Bicolour LED flasher circuit Basically this circuit is similar to some flasher circuits already published in  using IC555 as a free running multivibrator. The only difference lies in the way it flash using bi-colour LEDs. When output at pin 3 of IC 555 goes high it operates on group of LEDs. By inverting the IC’s low output by pnp transistor BC558 the other group of LEDs is made to flash. AS shown in  circuit diagram the LEDs are arranged in alternately reversed order so that a “twinkle twinkle little stars” effect is produced. The 100K preset VR 1 sets the blinking rate. The circuit diagram for the project is: To maintain simplicity I omitted the current limiting resistor. So, the red and green LEDs may not flash with equal intensity (as they require different threshold voltage). PARTS LIST Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± 5% Carbon) R 1 , R 2 = 1.5 KΩ R 3 = 330 Ω VR 1 = 100 KΩ Capacitor C 1 = 10 µF/10V Semiconductors IC 1...

Electronics Motor Controller Here is a circuit used to control motor more efficiently than any electromechanically controlling device. The project shown here is cheap and easy to construct. It also overcome the problem of noise triggering and noise pulse. Circuit description The power supply is given by pressing switch SW 1 it shots the N/O contact of relay RL ­1 which gives supply to the circuit. The current through resistor R 8 gives the base current to transistor T 5 . Where transistor T 1 , T 2 and T 3 from the over and under-voltage cut-offs. Here the transistor T 4 on when over or under voltage is given to transistor T 3 . For avoiding noise capacitor C 2 with resistor R 10 form a loss-pass filter and also give sufficient time delay. Here the resistor network (R 11 , R 12 , VR 1 ) are used as current sensor. Where Diode D 3 is as rectifier and capacitor C 1 is used as noise filter of switching circuit. PARTS LIST Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± ...

Mobile cellphone charger While travelling charging of mobile battery is great problem because power supply source is not generally accessible. Here is a simple project using very common electronics components for charging mobile battery using AA cells. Circuit descriptions of mobile cellphone charger The main part of the circuit mobile cellphone charger is timer IC NE555, used to charge and monitor the voltage level. IC 1 get control voltage to pin 5 by zener diode ZD 1 ­. Threshold pin 6 and trigger pin 2 is supplied with a voltage set by VR 1 and VR 2 respectively. The trigger pin 2 of IC 1 is below 1/3V CC when discharge battery is connected to the circuit as a result flip-flop of IC 1 is switched on to take output pin 3 high. The process is reversed when battery is fully charged of charged battery is connected. Here transistor T 1 used to enhance the charging current from output pin 3 of IC 1 . Adjust potentiometer VR 1 and VR 2 as per require. ...

Fire Alarm Using Thermistor Many fire alarm circuit is published in different website. But, here in this website is a simple and inexpensive project of fire alarm using thermistor. where thermistor is used as temperature sensor of fire alarm.Working principle of thermistor is same as LDR (change their resistance with change in heat where LDR change their resistance with change in light fall on it). Circuit Description of fire alarm using thermistor The whole circuit of fire alarm using thermistor is build and fabricated around thermistor (TH 1 ) and timer IC (IC 1 ) with its driver transistor. The timer IC (IC 1 ) used in this circuit is as astable multivibrator oscillator used to oscillate in audio frequency band. The two transistor T 1 and T 2 used to drive the timer IC (IC 1 ). The output from pin 3 of IC 1 is fed to loudspeaker through transistor T 3 to generate sound. The value of resistor (R 5 and R 6 ) and capacitor (C 2 ) determines the fr...

Motor Bike Brake Horn The circuit can be operated from 4.5V to 12V DC or direct from the brake point of the motor-bike, Resistor R 7 should be replaced with 1-ohm. 1/2W in case of an 8-ohm speaker. T 5 is a driver transistor. C 3 polarity can be reversed for a sudden off of the circuit. The sound produced is like “Kiun, Kiun”. PARTS LIST Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± 5% Carbon) R 1 , R 7 = 2.2 KΩ R 2 , R 4 = 820 Ω R 3 , R 5 = 470 Ω R 6 = 4.7 KΩ R 8 = 10 KΩ R 9 = 4.7 Ω, 0.5W Capacitors C 1 = 22 µF/25v C 2 = 4.7 µF/63V C 3 = 100v/16V C 4 = 0.047 µF C 5 = 0.01 µF Semiconductors T 1 – T 4 = BC148B T 5 = SL100 Miscellaneous LS 1 = 4Ω speaker BY..SUYOG GAYDHANE MOBILE...9422610107

Telephone Amplifier Here is the very simple, inexpensive and useful project telephone amplifier using very common power amplifier LM386 and some more components. It is used to produce loud sound in order to talk in group. Working of the circuit telephone amplifier The output telephone signal is more powerful then the signal fed to base of the transistor T 1 . The output signal from transistor T 1 is fed to pin no 3 of power amplifier LM386 which amplify up to necessity level and output is obtained from pin no 5 is fed to speaker through capacitor C 9 . The V CC is given to IC 1 through pin 6. The telephone signal is fed in to circuit through two ways. Direct supply telephone signal from telephone line to the point where coil L 1 is connected as shown in figure 2. Or connect this peak up coil L 1 and so adjusted near telephone set where excellent voice be able to single out.  PARTS LIST Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± 5% Carbon) R 1 = 100 KΩ R 2 = 39 KΩ R ...